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Fluorine deficiency
Fluoride or fluorine deficiency is a disorder which may cause increased dental caries (or tooth decay, is the breakdown of dental tissues by the acidic products released by the "bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates.") and possibly osteoporosis (a bone disorder which leads to a decrease in bone mass, and an increase in bone fragility), due to a lack of fluoride in the diet〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Fluorine )〕 however, there are anti-osteoporotic functional food ingredients that can help decrease the risk of osteoporosis fractures. In terms of dietary sources, fish, and tea are considered natural sources of fluoride, as well as tap water that has been fluoridated. The extent to which the condition truly exists, and its relationship to fluoride poisoning has given rise to some controversy. Fluorine is not considered to be an essential nutrient, but the importance of fluorides for preventing tooth decay is well-recognized, although the effect is predominantly topical. Prior to 1981, the effect of fluorides was thought to be largely systemic and preeruptive, requiring ingestion. Fluoride is considered essential in the development and maintenance of teeth by the American Dental Hygienists' Association.〔(【引用サイトリンク】ADHA">title=''Nutritional Factors in Tooth Development'' )〕 Fluoride is also essential as it incorporates into the teeth to form and harden teeth enamels so that the teeth are more acid resistance as well as cavity forming bacteria. Caries-inhibiting effects of fluoride were first seen in 1902 when fluoride in high concentrations was found to stain teeth and prevent tooth decay.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History of Dentistry in the Pikes Peak Region )〕
Fluoride salts, particularly sodium fluoride (NaF), are used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. Symptoms such as fractured hips in the elderly or brittle and weak bones are caused due to fluorine deficiency in the body. Fluoride stimulates bone formation and increases bone density, however bone with excess fluoride content has an abnormal structure resulting in increased fragility. Thus fluoride therapy results in large increases in bone mineral density but the effect on fracture rates, while positive, is small.〔
Disputes over the essentiality of fluorine date back to the 19th century, when fluorine was observed in teeth and bones.〔Meiers P. (Fluoride Research in the 19th and early 20th century ). Retrieved 2009-1-4.〕 In 1973 a trial found reduced reproduction in mice fed fluorine-deficient diets, but a subsequent investigation determined that this was due to reduced iron absorption.
== Role of fluoride ==
Fluoride has proven to be an essential element with preventative and protective properties. Fluoride is capable of combating and working against tooth decay and increases resistance to the "demineralisation of tooth enamel during attack by acidic bacterias". While essential for all individuals, it is significant for children, as when ingested, the fluoride is incorporated into their developing enamel. This in turn causes their teeth to become less prone to decay. Therefore, a relationship can be formulated, in that the more fluoride entering the body, the overall decline in the rate of decay.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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